Inclusive Dh2016: Papers and posters that address gender, race, sexuality, and cross cultural language issues

As I am preparing for DH 2016 in Krakow, Poland I thought it might be useful to create a list of panels and papers that focus on gender, race, sexuality, class, and cross cultural language issues for those interested in such issues in digital humanities. So, following Mark Sample's long standing tradition of highlighting digital humanities panels at MLA, here is a list of upcoming papers of interest to those invested in diversity and/or inclusion. I have chosen papers that specifically state that they will be dealing with one of the previously mentioned issues.  If I miss something, feel free to let me know in the comment section, and I will update. The full schedule is available here: https://www.conftool.pro/dh2016/sessions.php  As the conference organizers update and add locations, I will include the information in this post.

Tuesday 12 July, 2016

9:30-1:00

PreH34: Translation Hack-a-thon!: Applying the Translation Toolkit to a Global dh+lib

Sarah Potvin, Élika Ortega, Isabel Galina, Alex Gil, Daniel Paul O'Donnell, Patrick Williams, Zoe Borovsky, Roxanne Shirazi, Zach Coble, Glen Worthey

How can we move beyond a monolingual DH, and promote exchange of works among linguistic communities? And how can we ensure this exchange is ongoing and sustainable? This hack-a-thon brings together practitioners from two ADHO SIGs (Global Outlook::Digital Humanities and the Libraries and DH SIGs), a primarily monolingual dh community project (dh+lib), and the newly-created GO::DH Translation Toolkit (http://go-dh.github.io/translation-toolkit/) in an attempt to hack a solution.

While focused on a pilot that models a translation process for a particular publication, dh+lib (http://acrl.ala.org/dh/), our goal is generalizable to other scholarly communication vehicles and venues. Attendees will be prepped to engage in translation work and conversations around translation practices and existing workflows. The session aims to offer participants practical and adaptable approaches to developing comfort with and practices around translation in their own institutions and endeavors.

Wednesday 13 July, 2016

9:30 - 9:45

B31: Short Paper Session: Analysing and visualizing networks 1: Using Big Cultural Data To Understand Diversity And Reciprocity In The Global Flow Of Contemporary Cinema

Deb Verhoeven, Bronwyn Coate, Colin Arrowsmith, Stuart Palmer

The paper explores the relationships between countries in the exchange of movies and measures the reciprocal nature of these relationships. This investigation represents an innovative way to explore international exchanges of digital cultural content based on global cinema screenings analysed at the national level. Rather than focus on the market dominance of particular cinemas (e.g. the US or Indian cinemas) we examine the relative strength of two-way relationships in order to understand cultural reciprocity in the film industry. The dynamics of shared cultural exchange are explored in terms of the volume of transactions between ‘cinema nations’ expressed in the form of dyadic networks.

9:45 - 10:00

B31: Short Paper Session: Identity Lenses in Analyzing Evolving Social Structures

John Robert Hott, Worthy N Martin, Kathleen Flake

In the effort to capture cultural dynamics by the use of evolving networks, the specification of what is represented by each node and edge is crucial. For example, one might examine the societal structures of a cultural group by considering the evolving network of marriages. However, for the early Mormon church the concept of "marriage" is in flux, thus, we consider several conceptualizations through identity lenses applied to a base evolving network. We investigate whether metrics over the networks resulting from different identity lenses can help elucidate the cultural dynamics of the Mormon church’s formative years. We also consider co-authorship in relation to departmental and institutional affiliation in an arXiv.org citation network.

We present the definition of evolving networks, extended from typical applications to include identity lenses, and the methods to extract metrics over those networks, particularly the dynamics of the structures over time as they might reveal cultural dynamics.

9:30-11:00

C11: Panel: Infrastructures and collaboration 1: Institutionalizing and implementing the Digital Yiddish Theatre Project

Joel Berkowitz, Debra Caplan, Agnieszka Legutko, Aaron Rubinstein

In this Multiple Paper Session, members of the Digital Yiddish Theatre Project will discuss various facets of the group’s activities and challenges to date, and plans for the future, as a case study for the application of DH to collaborative undertakings in Jewish Studies. The focus will not be on the content of the DYTP’s activities; rather, the participants will discuss specific features of the DYTP’s work as a springboard to much broader discussions of the opportunities and the challenges that DH offers for scholars, librarians, and archivists working across Jewish Studies.

11:30 - 11:45

D12: Short Paper Session: Reflections on the Digital Humanities 2: Researchers’ perceptions of DH trends and topics in the English and Spanish-speaking community. DayofDH data as a case study.

Antonio Robles-Gómez, Elena González-Blanco, Salvador Ros, Gimena Del Rio Riande^, Roberto Hernández^, Llanos Tobarra, Agustín C. Caminero, Rafael Pastor

The international blogging event known as DayofDH (A Day in the Life of the Digital Humanities) project, promoted and sponsored by Centernet, has put together digital humanists from around the world to document once a year what they do. Although there have been general studies about the information on participation in those events, there has not been an automated data analysis using data mining and NLP or Big Data tools to extract and classify the relevant information gathered in these blogs. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to develop a dashboard that allows let users make a quick idea of how the Digital Humanities focus has been moving and distributing across the time through the different Academies in the different countries, but also how topics and interests change from one country to another and it is strongly related to their perspectives and disciplines.

11:30-1:00

B62: Long Paper Session: Recognizing and extracting visual patterns 2:Assessing a Shape Descriptor for Analysis of Mesoamerican Hieroglyphics: A View Towards Practice in Digital Humanities

Rui Hu, Jean-Marc Odobez, Daniel Gatica-Perez

We assess a shape descriptor, in the domain of Maya hieroglyphics analysis, with a view towards the practical application to the wider Digital Humanities (DH) community.

The goal of this paper is two-fold. First, we introduce the Histogram of Orientation Shape Context (HOOSC) descriptor to be used in DH-related shape analysis tasks . Second, we discuss some key issues for practitioners, namely the effect that certain parameters have on the performance of the descriptor. We investigate the impact of such choices on different data types, specially for ‘noisy’ data as it is often the case with DH image sources.

Code and data used in this paper will be released with the paper.

Unlocking The Mayan Script With Unicode

Deborah Anderson, Carlos Pallán Gayol

The Maya hieroglyphic script and the degree of its visual complexity have proven challenging for standard script-encoding approaches to be applied. A multidisciplinary collaboration established between UC Berkeley's Script Encoding Initiative and the University of Bonn's MAAYA Project aims to employ new methods combining linguistics, Maya epigraphy, digital palaeography and computer vision to overcome some of the major challenges preventing the encoding of Maya hieroglyphs in the Unicode Standard.

Encoding the Maya hieroglyphs in Unicode would allow creation of vast open-access Maya hieroglyphic text repositories and libraries, where advanced search and query functionalities and text-mining could be applied. As a result, the ability to render any Maya hieroglyphic text in Unicode could impact the overall accessibility, reproduction, visualization and long-term preservation of the sum of ancient knowledge recorded by the Maya scribes on thousands of texts and inscriptions produced between ca. 250 BC and 1450 AD in Central America.

Ancient Maya Writings as High-Dimensional Data: a Visualization Approach

Gulcan Can, Jean-Marc Odobez, Carlos Pallan Gayol, Daniel Gatica-Perez

Smart visualization and browsing tools are promising for Digital Humanities data. In this work, visualization of ancient Maya glyphs is studied. The current system focuses on the visual representations only, however it is easily extendable to account for contextual or semantic information. The method has two main steps: 1) computing visual representation as a bag-of-word representation of shape (HOOSC) descriptor, and 2) dimensionality reduction of visual representation via t-SNE, and visualization.

The visualization method performed proves itself as a powerful tool to give insights about variances in the data corpus and reveal connections between the categories and glyph samples. Another strong point of this visualization method is that it enables exploitation of spatial extent of visual representation (locality of shape descriptor) and how this spatial extent affects the distribution of glyph samples in the high-dimensional space.

Hopefully, this study can motivate further work in DH for other related problems.

D51: Panel: Diversity 1:  Matters: Diversity and the Digital Humanities in 2016

Amy Earhart, Alex Gil, Roopika Risam, Barbara Bordalejo, Isabel Galina, Lorna Hughes, Melissa Terras

Our panel consists of an international group of digital humanities scholars who are invested in a broad understanding of difference and digital humanities. The panel will discuss current tensions within the field and strategies for negotiating the structural challenges to the DH conference and ADHO itself.

2:30-4:00

D52: Multi Paper Session: Diversity 2: Boundary Land: Diversity as a defining feature of the Digital Humanities

Daniel Paul O'Donnell, Barbara Bordalejo, Padmini Murray Ray, Gimena del Rio, Elena González-Blanco

The theme of this session is the Digital Humanities as a “Boundary Land”--i.e. a locus that depends on interdisciplinarity of all kinds. It is our contention that interpersonal diversity (i.e. diversity along lines such as gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, language, economic region, etc.) is as an important to DH as interdisciplinarity. DH is not only a place where different disciplines work together (and at times at odds to each other): it is also a place where different people work together and at odds in developing our field. The papers in this session provide a theoretical background to the problem, then explore distinct aspects of this understanding of diversity as a core intellectual component of the Digital Humanities in its current form.

3:00 - 3:15

C41: Short Paper Session: Crowd sourcing / engaging the public: Indigenous digital humanities. Participatory geo-referenced-mapping and visualization for digital data management platforms in digital anthropology

Urte Undine Froemming

This paper will examine some historical and contemporary aspects of indigenous digital humanities. Presently, several indigenous communities worldwide have online sites which have emerged in digital archives and multimedia exhibitions of the museum landscape. Indigenous media activism has become a key word and symbol for the self empowerment of indigenous groups. What does this movement mean for the research area of digital anthropology? In this paper a participatory ethnographic GIS-mapping approach will be introduced.

3:00 - 3:30

B63: Long Paper Session: Recognizing and extracting visual patterns 3: Digital Humanities in Cultural Areas Using Texts That Lack Word Spacing

Kiyonori Nagasaki, Toru Tomabechi, Charles Muller, Masahiro Shimoda

In contexts of current DH, huge humanities resources have still been dormant due to their characteristics. Cultural areas using texts lack word spacing have faced with difficulties in some aspects. This paper describes current situation in Japanese texts to comprehensively grasp and discuss them. It would be useful to make digital humanities truly global.

4:30-6:00

Po3: Poster slam 3

Booth 102: Documenting the pain: Sharing Second World War survivors’ stories to help meaning making and lessons learning through curating trans-European digital narrative trajectories

Siegfried Handschuh, Simon Donig, Adamantios Koumpis, Hanna Diamond

Po4: Poster slam 4

Booth 128: Beyond Digital Humanities? Furthering the Exploration of Language Diversity and Pan-European Culture by Means of Transdisciplinary Research Infrastructures: Introducing the new DARIAH CC Science Gateway 

Eveline Wandl-Vogt, Roberto Barbera, Giuseppe La Rocca, Antonio Calanducci, Tibor Kalman, Thordis Ulfarsdottir, Jozica Skofic, Jadwiga Waniakova

6:30-8:30

PosterGroup114: Natural Language Processing: Booth 050: Crosslingual Textual Emigration Analysis

Andre Blessing, Jonas Kuhn

The present work describes the transfer of an NLP-based biographical data exploration system that was developed for German Wikipedia data to French Wikipedia data. We argue that this transfer step has many characteristic properties of a typical challenge in the Digital Humanities: resources and tools of different origin and with different accuracy are combined for use in a multidisciplinary context. Hence, we view the project context as an interesting test-bed for some methodological considerations.

PosterGroup131: Memorial projects: Booth 101: Blacks In American Medicine Archive: Exploring Forgotten Stories

Evan Higgins, Kurt Fendt, Josh Cowls, Andy Stuhl

This short paper discusses the newest project at MIT's HyperStudio, the Blacks in American Medicine (BAM) archive. This archival project features over 23,000 biographical records of African American physicians from 1860-1980 and numerous associated primary documents. This one-of-a-kind database is comprised of content that has never before been digitized or collected in a central location. BAM's chronological, algorithmic and biographical display methods will not only appeal to both scholars and amateurs but will allow for the telling of a marginalized narrative within America's history through analysis of trends within the African American medical community.

PosterGroup144: Infrastructures:Booth 128: Beyond Digital Humanities? Furthering the Exploration of Language Diversity and Pan-European Culture by Means of Transdisciplinary Research Infrastructures: Introducing the new DARIAH CC Science Gateway

Eveline Wandl-Vogt, Roberto Barbera, Giuseppe La Rocca, Antonio Calanducci, Tibor Kalman, Thordis Ulfarsdottir, Jozica Skofic, Jadwiga Waniakova

The paper introduces into the new DARIAH Competence Centre and its Science Gateway established in the Horizon2020-project EGI ENGAGE (1.3.2015-). On the example use case SADE the transdisciplinary, international team exemplifies the vision of added value of research infrastructures for the development of explorative scholarship.

On the example of common names for living organisms the interdisciplinary collaboration against the background of ongoing work in the Humanities, namely the Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE) and the COST action IS 1305 European Network for eLexicography (ENeL) is discussed.

In our paper we focus on:

1. the introduction of the Science Gateway and its technical backbones with strong semantic researches based on Open Science Commons and
2. first results of our work on Pan-European commonalties and
3. a reflection of the transdisciplinary workflow, implications of Open Science Commons and opening a vision beyond Digital Humanities.

Thursday 14 July, 2016

9:30 - 10:00

B34: Long Paper Session: Analyzing and visualizing network 4Dramatic Networks and Kinship Structures in African-American Plays

Jack Porter, Vanessa Seals

This project applies network analysis to African-American kinship structures in plays in order to understand how these compare to white American kinship structures, how both have changed over time, and how African-American dramatists have theorized the importance and possibilities of their unique experience of American family life.

B51: Long Paper Session: High end 3D / VR / AR 1 : The Evolution of Virtual Harlem: Bringing the Jazz Age to Life

Bryan Wilson Carter

The soulful rhythms of blues and jazz music signaled an explosion of African American creativity in the US in the 1920-30s. During this period, known as the New Negro Movement and later known as the Harlem Renaissance, musicians, dancers, visual artists, writers, and scholars sought to define their African heritage in American culture. Prior, from after World War I until just after the stock market crash in 1929, the vibrancy of newly discovered African-American art, music and literature were celebrated in Harlem, NY and other African-American urban centers. The Virtual Harlem Project represents one of the earliest Virtual Environments focused on this exciting period. The evolution of this project encourages visitors to experience how the Jazz Age is brought to life through Virtual Worlds, Motion Capture and student-driven content.

10:00 - 10:15

A51: Short Paper Session: Topic Modelling 1: Researchers to your Driving Seats: Building a Graphical User Interface for Multilingual Topic-Modelling in R with Shiny

Thomas Koentges

The paper will summarize the limitations of topic-modelling with special emphasis on how to determine an ideal number of topics, as well as a short discussion of morphosyntactic normalization and the use of stop-words. It will then suggest a researcher-focused method of addressing these limitations and challenges in topic-modelling by introducing the Shiny topic-modelling application developed by the author based on R, Shiny, and J. Chang’s LDA library and C. Sievert’s LDAvis library. The paper will then briefly demonstrate the applicability to the different use-cases at ATL and OPP, which deal with very different fields and languages, including English, Latin, Ancient Greek, Classical Arabic, and Classical Persian.

12:30 - 1:00

A35: Long Paper Session: Stylometry 5: Authorship Attribution Using Different Languages

Patrick Juola, George Mikros

We present the results of experiments in authorship attribution based on training documents in a different language than the testing documents. We were able to show that certain (mentally based) features are robust across language of writing. Using these features, we were able to correctly infer the authorship of documents in English based on Spanish training documents and vice versa. We believe this to be the first instance of such cross-linguistic attribution in the record.

11:30-1:00

B15: Short Paper Session: Analyzing and using new media 5: Translating Electronic Literature. 
Multicultural, Multilingual and Cross-Platform Encounters

Monika Górska-Olesińska, Mariusz Pisarski

The paper is a summary of our practical experience combined with theoretical reflection on cross-cultural, multi-lingual and cross-platform possibilities of Sea and Spar Between - poetry generator by Stephanie Strickland and Nick Montfort. It is also a report from our ongoing project of making an Xbox Kinect version of the work, both in English and Polish. Our original translation of the work presented in 2013 during ELO Conference in Paris and published online in 2014 greatly multiplied the distributive authorship of the work as a whole, revealing new culturally and linguistically determined aspects of code, grammar and style and introducing new perspectives on contemporary translation. In the short paper we reflect on what is translated/adapted/ported when we translate the digital work of art for digitally enhanced venues and for audience of "digital natives" is being raised.

D53: Panel: Diversity 3: Creating Feminist Infrastructure in the Digital Humanities

Susan Brown, Tanya Clement, Laura Mandell, Deb Verhoeven, Jacque Wernimont

This panel considers how gender and digital infrastructures shape each other. It will be a hybrid of the panel- and multiple-paper session with three sectioned themes:

·      Training and pedagogical traditions;

·      Examples of feminist technical infrastructure;

·      Infrastructure, collaboration, and credit.

The panel aims to improve understanding of:

1. the extent to which even something as apparently neutral or apolitical as infrastructure is imbued with gender and other socio-political considerations;
2. the impact of systemic gender and racial discrimination in a range of infrastructural contexts, notwithstanding the extent to which so many DH practitioners work hard to overcome the biases embedded in our cultures and our discourses; and
3. current and prospective strategies for countering those biases.

We will seek to engage the audience throughout this session to include in the panel’s discussions a broad range of perspectives on and positions in relation to infrastructure.

2:30-3:30

B53: Long Paper Session: High end 3D / VR / AR 3: Using Computer Numerical Control Techniques to Prototype Media History

Jentery Sayers, Tiffany Chan

This talk outlines a methodology for combining media history with 3D modelling and computer numerical control (CNC) techniques premised on remaking technologies that no longer function, no longer exist, or may have only existed as fictions, illustrations, or one-offs. Called “prototyping the past,” the methodology explains why technologies matter by approaching them as representations and agents of history. To demonstrate the methodology, we detail how the “Kits for Cultural History” project at the University of Victoria prototypes absences in the historical record and prompts audiences to examine the material particulars of that record through reverse engineering and reassembly. We draw example material from two specific Kits for Cultural History: an Early Wearable Kit (for an electro-mobile skull stick-pin from 1867) and an Early Magnetic Recording Kit (for experiments involving steel wire, telephones, and carriages during the late 1890s). CNC techniques including laser cutting, routing, milling, and printing. This paper includes a focus on Mary Jameson's contributions to optophonic and early OCR Research.

See http://www.digitalrhetoriccollaborative.org/2016/03/14/remaking-optophones-an-exercise-in-maintenance-studies/


3:15 - 3:30

B23: Short Paper Session: Maps and space 3: Mapping Multilingual Responses To Famine And Dearth In The Early Modern Landscapes Of India And Britain

Charlotte Tupman, Richard Holding, Hannah Petrie, Gary Stringer

This paper engages with questions of thematic markup of diverse textual source materials in multiple languages, and the challenges of representing individual, descriptive responses to landscapes in the form of digital maps. It takes as its basis the AHRC-funded project ‘Famine and Dearth in India and Britain, 1550-1800: Connected Cultural Histories of Food Security’, which examines the practices, discourses and literary modes through which societies in early modern India and Britain articulated their concerns about the availability and distribution of food. The project draws upon a large body of texts written in languages including English, Latin, Persian, Bengali and Hindi for evidence about cultural responses to landscapes of famine and dearth. Its aim is to produce a digital resource which includes encoded extracts from the source materials, maps that reflect the variety and scope of responses to the landscapes, and data about places and people, including URIs.

2:30-4:00

C23: Panel: Sharing ressources 3: Access, Ownership, Protection: The Ethics of Digital Scholarship

Katherine Mary Faull, Diane Katherine Jakacki, James O'Sullivan, Amy Earhart, Micki Kaufman

This panel aims to address the important issue of how we as Digital Humanities scholars negotiate and present the sensitive data (textual, archival, geospatial) that constitutes the core of our analyses. The public-facing nature of our work reveals significant challenges that have to do increasingly with access and ethics, and in many cases cause us to reassess how we conduct and disseminate our research. A number of topics pertinent to this issue shall be addressed in this panel, informed by case studies offered from the panelists’ own work. Points of discussion will include, but not be limited to: the negotiation and presentation of sensitive data, access to sources and resources, collaboration, and ownership. In addition to presenting case studies, this panel will incorporate an open dialogue among attendees that addresses these issues across a broader array of research.

54: Panel: Diversity 4: Representing Justice in Digital Archiving Practice

Roopika Risam, Jeremy Boggs, Purdom Lindblad, Padmini Ray Murray

This panel considers the challenges and best practices for representing justice in digital archival practice. It continues the conversation about justice-minded practices that position digital archives to intervene effectively. Addressing these concerns, each panelist will speak for 10 minutes on a key dimension of digital archiving, from design to execution to scholarly use. The 10-minute remarks from speakers will be followed by a conversation with the audience about the practices we employ in the construction of archives.


Friday 15 July, 2016

9:30 - 10:00

Representations Of Race: Mining Identity In American Fiction, 1789-1964

Mark Andrew Algee-Hewitt, J.D. Porter, Hannah Walser

In this project, we employ the methodologies of text mining to investigate the role that the novel plays in the construction of racial or ethnic identity in America. Specifically, we ask how might quantitative textual analysis or text mining help us reconstruct the process by which ethnicities, nationalities, religious groups, and other identity categories became dominated by the all-encompassing category of race? To answer this question, we undertake two related investigations into a corpus of American Fiction written between 1789 and 1964. First, we explore the distinctive language that accrues over time to various racial, ethnic or national descriptors of identity. Second, we explore how individual characters either articulate or resist this set background understanding of the meaning of race within individual texts.Between these two methods our project explores what the Digital Humanities can bring to an expanded understanding of the meaning and work of identity in the American Novel.

10:00 - 10:30

New DH Publishing Models and Geopolitical Diversity

Isabel Galina Russell, Ernesto Priani Saisó

The aim of this paper is to discuss how the new scholarly publishing models proposed by the Digital Humanities, if properly executed, may also serve to increase geopolitical diversity in the field. Currently research from periphery countries is sorely underrepresented in the international scholarly publishing system. Digital Humanities is seeking to validate new forms of digital scholarship that includes new forms for communicating and publishing results. If we view DH as a transformative motor in academia then we can propose new models that adequately incorporate digital scholarly output from countries on the periphery that are left out of the global publishing system within the traditional scholarly publishing model.

10:30 - 11:00

The Lifecycle of a Digital African Studies Projects: Creating Sustainable, Equitable, and Ethical Projects

Dean Rehberger, Ibrahima Thiaw, Deborah Mack, Candace Keller, Catherine Foley

For more than 20 years, researchers at Matrix, the Center for Digital Humanites and Social Science have been working on digital projects in several countries in Africa. While the technologies are critical parts of the digital humanities, ethical considerations also need to be part of any project that involves multiple projects. This is particularly true of Digital African Studies Projects because of the long and bloody history of colonialism, exploitation, and cultural theft. This long paper will explore through the context of two ongoing projects -- "Archive of Malian Photography” and the "Gorée Island Archaeological Digital Repository” — strategies to be deployed to develop sustainable, equitable, and ethical projects. While neither project is a perfect model, the strategies deployed set against the everyday frustrations of multiple partner projects, long distance project management, and problematic working conditions does help to expose what works and what still needs to be changed or augmented.

11:30-1:00

56: Multi Paper Session: Diversity 6: Diverse Digitalities: Targeted Models for Postcolonial Challenges in the Digital Discourse.

Nirmala Menon, Alex Gil^, Rahul Gairola

The digital highway is as yet an exclusive neighborhood-let’s just say that there no traffic jams on there just yet. This disparity is of course not lost on the practitioners of digital humanities and several conversations pointing out this disparity have emerged in the last few years. This panel discusses different projects that specifically address issues in countries where bandwidth and connectivity is not optimal as in the more advanced nations. How do we harness digital technology so humanities research can be innovative and access to them is not behind a pay wall or a “bandwidth” boundary? Together, the three papers address specific problems of the global south and envisage projects that will enable a more diverse global Digital Humanities conversation. The projects discusses ways of enabling humanities research and researchers to go from the digital driveway to the highway within the constraints of connectivity and capability.

3:00 - 3:30

D57: Long Paper Session: Diversity 7: Pulp Science Fiction's Legacy to Women in Science

Elizabeth Winfree Garbee

This study examines a large “pulp” science fiction corpus (1930 – 1965) through corpus linguistic analysis in order to digitally reconstruct the gendered occupational identities created by those authors, and the culture they represent, which perpetuated a stereotype of “the scientist” and how they characterized women in professional scientific roles.I created occupational archetypes from these collocates, clusters, and textual examples for each of those classic STEM professions, and uncovered that out of the hundreds of scientists in my corpus, only three were women. A linguistic analysis of these women revealed American cultural assumptions about the intersection of femininity and science: a female scientist could either be beautiful or accomplished. The one woman in the corpus who had it all, so to speak, appeared very late on the scene, and perhaps signals a shift in the cultural conception of who a scientist could be and what they could look like.